奶粉真的会导致性早熟吗？

　　从2008年的三聚氰胺事件开始，婴幼儿奶粉可谓“三千宠爱于一身”，在全国亿万双眼皮底下，心惊胆战地过活，生怕出现一丁点儿问题。纵然如此，也会被媒体时不时地请去，上个头条，风光风光。

　　无论是当年的“三聚氰胺”，还是今朝的“性早熟”、“黄曲霉毒素”、“肉毒梭菌”、“重金属超标”，各种名词恶补了公众在学校没学到的知识，但没有谁会感谢这样的学习机会，更多的是指责和谩骂。尤其是中国年轻的奶爸辣妈们，那敏感而又脆弱的神经不得不又紧绷起来，直到发现被媒体追杀的品牌不是自家宝贝吃的那种，这才长吁一口气，各回各家，各抱各娃。

　　“奶粉或导致婴幼儿性早熟”问题或许是近年来奶爸辣妈们头疼的问题之一，今天乳房发育，明天姨妈驾到，搞得公众好不烦恼。而类似《婴幼儿性早熟疑因某某奶粉导致》这样的报道也进一步加剧了公众的“奶粉焦虑症”(注：这是病，得治)，这让几乎所有品牌的婴幼儿奶粉都挨了枪子儿。

　　

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　　那么，奶粉真的会导致性早熟吗?

　　一、什么是性早熟?

　　性早熟是指第二性征出现的年龄相对早，一般来说，女孩在8岁前，男孩在9岁前出现第二性征发育异常的疾病。

　　性早熟根据其发病机制不同分为：性(真性)性早熟和周围性(假性)性早熟。性性早熟，又称真性性早熟，顾名思义，这与真正的青春发育过程完全相同;而周围性性早熟，则仅有性激素作用导致的第二性征发育，没有下丘脑—垂体—性腺轴系的参与，不能产生精子或卵子，所以，并不具备生育能力。周围性性早熟导致第二性征发育的性激素可来自体内(来源分泌性激素的各种肿瘤)或体外(来源食物或药物)。

　　这里有必要码几个字：除疾病等原因外，性早熟与饮食不科学(包括营养过剩等)、滥食保健品(包括牛初乳及其产品等)、药物等有关，奶爸辣妈们要引起警惕。

　　二、单纯乳房早发育不会影响儿童生长发育

　　从很多新闻报道中，摸出一个套路：婴幼儿长期喝某品牌奶粉，家长某天发现其乳房发育，怀疑某品牌奶粉导致，然后去医院复查，给婴幼儿换食，N个月后，乳房发育消退，坐实自己的猜测——都是奶粉惹的祸。

　　事实果真如此吗?未必!或许，这只是单纯乳房早发育。

　　一般来说，单纯乳房早发育会自然消退，不会对儿童的生长发育造成影响，也不需要治疗。但这不是说，家长可以不重视——因为单纯乳房早发育患儿可能同时有潜在病因，乳房持续不消退，或者继续增大，可能会继发真性性早熟。

　　因此，应及时进行必要的医学检查，以消除体内存在的影响健康的疾病。

　　

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　　三、牛奶(奶粉)中的雌激素会引发性早熟吗?

　　从互联网上大大小小的“奶粉导致性早熟”的新闻报道中，有影响力的莫过于2010年的圣元事件。虽然已过去多年，但每想起当年媒体报道的盛况，依旧惶惶不可终日也。

　　圣元事件后，原卫生部组织对圣元样品(42份圣元优博乳粉)进行研究，其检测结果表明，未检出外源性的己烯雌酚和醋酸甲孕酮，仅检出低含量的内源性雌激素和孕激素。检出的雌激素总量为0.2-2.3μg/kg，孕激素总量为13-72μg/kg。其中患儿家中存留样品中检出的雌激素和孕激素分别为0.5μg/kg和33μg/kg。

　　而文献资料显示，美国、韩国、荷兰等原料奶和市售牛乳中雌激素含量在0.16- 4.4μg/kg，孕酮高数值是98.0μg/kg(将液态奶按8：1换算为奶粉的含量)。而母乳中雌激素范围为7.9-18.5ug/L，孕酮为10-40 ug/L。对比此数据，不难发现，圣元奶粉里的雌激素远远没有母乳的多，与国外原料奶和市售牛奶相当，而孕酮与母乳孕酮水平也相当。所以，如果怀疑奶粉里的雌激素和孕酮多得可以引起性早熟，完全是荒谬的。
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