鉴赏——乾隆款双耳三足炉

香炉是香道的器具，（西关铜艺）香炉是华人民俗、宗教、祭祀活动中的供具。历代使用的香器包含博山炉、手炉、香斗、卧炉、香筒等不同形制的香炉，以及熏球、香插、香盘、香盒、香夹、香铲、香匙、香筒及香囊等配套器具。
香炉使用的质料主要包括铜、陶瓷、金银、竹木器、珐琅及玉石等。其用途亦有多种，或熏衣﹑或陈设﹑或敬神供佛。形状上常见为方形或圆形，方形的香炉一般有四足；圆形的香炉，都有三足，一足在前，两足在后放置。
The incense burner is an indispensable tool for incense ceremony. The incense burner is an indispensable offering tool for Chinese folklore, religion and sacrificial activities. The incense wares used in the past dynasties include incense wares of different shapes, such as Boshan stove, hand stove, incense bucket, bedroom stove, incense cylinder, and matching instruments such as smoking balls, incense inserts, incense trays, incense boxes, incense clips, shovels, spoons, incense cylinders and incense sachets.
The materials used in incense burner mainly include copper, ceramics, gold and silver, bamboo and wood ware, enamel and jade. It also has many uses, or smoked clothes, or furnishings, or worship God for Buddha. The shape of the incense stove is usually square or round. The square incense stove usually has four feet. The round incense stove has three feet, one foot in the front and two feet in the back.
中国自古有香炉焚香之习俗，香炉收藏源远流长。铜炉是祭祀焚香、熏香以及烧炭取暖用的器具，因其铸造精良、工艺考究、造型古朴典雅，集实用性与艺术性于一身。在漫长的历史文化中渐渐地从纯使用功能中分离出来，进而步入文化艺术的，成为深受人们喜爱的古玩艺术品。铜炉是祭祀焚香、熏香以及烧炭取暖用的器具，因其铸造精良、工艺考究、造型古朴典雅，集实用性与艺术性于一身。在漫长的历史文化中渐渐地从纯使用功能中分离出来，进而步入文化艺术的，成为深受人们喜爱的古玩艺术品。
名称：乾隆款双耳三足炉
规格：高：10cm、口径：15cm
类别：杂项
款识：乾隆年制篆书款


此件双耳三足炉藏品是清朝乾隆时期造办处“双耳三足炉”， 精炼铜铸造，形制标准，炉耳浑圆，跷起如拱，平口略收，颈短腹肥，圆率标准，对称稳重，腹垂稍平，韵线舒畅，三足肥润微尖，收放得体，对称均匀，造型古朴大方，器形规整，威严庄重；炉面通体洒金泊，线条流畅，造型华美、圆润规整，其工艺精细，包浆浑厚，质感，炉质纯细，气宇不凡。炉身自然色泽蕴藏于内，映出黯淡奇光，色泽柔和，自然生成，包浆浑厚，其耳似桥，意为通达。

香炉底部落款"乾隆年制”，是出乾隆时期宫廷造办处之手，等级较高，极为难得， 实在是难得的一件佳作，具有文物价值、艺术价值和市场价值。
在铜器的收藏门类中，铜炉因其铸造精良、工艺考究、造型古朴，集实用性与艺术性于一身，成为深受人们喜爱的古玩艺术品，并成为艺术品市场的热门收藏品类之一。从这件双耳三足炉身上，可以看到匠师的匠心，精工细作，细节处理到位：散发出古色神韵，包浆温润，色泽诱人;三足鼎立，非常气派;切边线条处理流畅，光亮典雅，圆润醇厚。炉身自然色泽蕴藏于内，映出黯淡奇光，色泽柔和，自然生成，包浆浑厚，敦厚之中又不失灵巧，技术十分巧妙，代表了当时高超的造炉技术。香炉,是古代一种鼎炉形器物，旧时庙堂里的香炉大多为铜、铁铸成，有些器型较小的香炉是用玉、石、陶、瓷、木、铜等制成，置于几案，实用、观赏两相宜。有盖之香炉，可内置香料，点燃后，香雾烟气自盖孔中袅袅升腾弥漫，时聚时散，给人以无限之遐想，不愧为天地间一精美绝伦的古董，更是反映了我国古代工匠智慧和高超的技术。因此，收藏价值!

歷代以来，古代炉具在生活中扮演着不可获缺的角色，使用场合主要有三：一是敬神祭祖，千古沿用;二是焚香薰香，这是官场、社交等重要场合的基本礼数;三是焚香伴读，一方面能去味添香，使轻松愉快，另一方面还可刺激精神，为研读环境创造气氛。于是炉演变成书房的品，成为重要的文房用品。铜炉本身的经济价值和文物价值，在文化艺术和美学层面，铜炉所具有的美学特徵和美学价值才是这种器物可以时空，展现出持久生命力的根源所在。
Over the ages, ancient stoves have played an indispensable role in life. They are mainly used in three occasions: first, to worship gods and worship ancestors and to continue to be used throughout the ages; secondly, to burn incense, which is the basic etiquette for important occasions such as official and social life; thirdly, to burn incense with reading, on the one hand, to add incense to taste, to make people relaxed and happy; on the other hand, to stimulate essence. God creates an atmosphere for studying the environment. So the stove became a necessity for the study and became an important stationery product. The economic value and cultural relic value of the copper stove itself. In the level of culture, art and aesthetics, the aesthetic characteristics and aesthetic value of the copper stove are the root of its lasting vitality, which can transcend time and space.

香炉出现在大宋帝王的内庭，而一些小型香炉则成为文人把玩之物，具有很高的艺术欣赏价值，为后世所仿制。宋耀州窑香炉，它是受到越窑的影响发展起来的，炉唇边较宽，釉色青润自然，有“巧如范金，精比琢玉”的美誉。南宋龙泉书房梅子青香炉，精巧典雅，三足鼎立，炉身有三条线纹，足底有褐色。